"Turning, once again, to two fundamental inputs, **the theoretical minimum of primary energy needed to produce steel** (combining blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace demands) **is about 18 gigajoules per ton of hot metal**, and **ammonia cannot be synthesized from its elements with less than about 21 gigajoules per ton**." ([Location 4150](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B08SGC3TD3&location=4150)) --- **Tags** -- [[quotes]], [[renewable-electricity]], [[steelmaking]], [[ammonia]], [[energy-conversion]] **Source** -- [[202412030828 - B - How the World Really Works]]